The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML)

The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) is a cognitive theory of learning, originated from the work of Richard Mayer. The theory focuses on how to get people to learn more effectively through multimedia. It points out the ‘multimedia principle’ which suggests “People learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone” (Mayer, 2005). Unlike a traditional approach, which includes lectures with thousands of words, this theory gives the idea to support these words with visuals for a better learning. The theory is based on three assumptions: 1. The dual channel assumption: refers to the fact that there are two channels (auditory and visual) for processing information. 2. The limited capacity assumption: these channels have limited capacity. 3. The active processing assumption: refers to learning meaningfully. Of course only visuals and words don’t equal meaningful learning. We have to link the elements. The theory suggests that meaningful learning can’t occur if the learner doesn’t engage in the cognitive processes of selecting relevant words, selecting relevant images, organizing these words, organizing these images and linking all of these with his/her prior knowledge.